Resumo Objetivo Verificar a associação entre recursos do ambiente familiar, aspectos sociodemográficos e desempenho escolar de estudantes do Ensino Fundamental. Método Estudo observacional analítico transversal, com amostra probabilística estratificada por sexo, idade e ano escolar. Participaram 124 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, entre 11 e 14 anos, matriculados no Ensino Fundamental II de uma instituição particular. Os responsáveis receberam um formulário online contendo: Inventário dos Recursos do Ambiente Familiar (RAF), Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil (CCEB) e questões sociodemográficas. O desempenho escolar foi fornecido pela instituição. Realizou-se distribuição de frequência das variáveis categóricas e medidas de tendência central e de dispersão para as contínuas. Utilizou-se os testes Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, sendo considerados significantes os que apresentaram valor de p≤0,05. Resultados A maioria da amostra possuía 11 anos, do sexo feminino, cursava o 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental, obteve desempenho escolar muito bom, apresentava classificação A e declarou que a/o chefe de família possuía Ensino Superior completo. Houve associação entre idade e ano escolar com a interação com os pais, ligação família-escola e RAF total. Os processos proximais demonstraram correlação positiva de magnitude moderada com passeios e brinquedos. Houve correlação positiva moderada entre total do RAF e atividades previsíveis que sinalizam estabilidade. Os processos proximais se correlacionaram de maneira positiva forte com a ligação família-escola. Ter livros em casa revelou correlação positiva fraca com o desempenho escolar. Conclusão Os recursos do ambiente familiar apresentaram relação com o desempenho escolar dos adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the association between family resources, sociodemographic aspects, and school performance in middle school students. Methods Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample stratified by sex, age, and grade in school. A total of 124 adolescents of both sexes, aged 11 to 14 years, enrolled in a private middle school participated in the study. We sent to their parents/guardians an online form with the Home Environment Resources Scale (HER), Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB), and sociodemographic questions. The school performance was furnished by the institution. We used frequency distribution analysis of categorical variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion of the continuous ones. We used the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation coefficient tests and set the significance level at p ≤ 0.05. Results Most of the sample was 11 years old, females, sixth graders, with very good school performance, belonging to social class A, and whose householder had a bachelor’s degree. Age and grade in school were associated with interaction with the parents, “family-school connection”, and total HER score. The “proximal processes” had a moderate positive correlation with outings and toys. There was a moderate positive correlation between total HER score and “predictable activities that indicate stability”. The “proximal processes” had a strong positive correlation with “family-school connection”. There was a weak positive correlation between books available at home and school performance. Conclusion The family resources were related to the adolescents’ school performance.

Abstract Background: Chronic lower limb ulcers (CLLU) have an important burden to the individual and the healthcare system Objective: To determinate the number and cost of consultation and hospitalization associated to CLLUin a public hospital in Tucumán, Argentina. Methods: Retrospective observational study. Cost estimation were calculated based on days of stay, treatments and laboratory tests in a inpatient population and the number of consultations, treatments and laboratory tests in a outpatient population. Results: In 2013 and 2014, the overall number of consultation with ICD-10 codes was 7224 and the number of inpatient was 359. The length of staywas 22.88 days.There was a mean of 0.41 surgeries per patientwhere 25% were amputations.The mean annual cost in a single public hospital was US$4053.65 per inpatient and US$3589.24 per outpatient. Conclusion:CLLU generate a great economic burden for the public Health System in Argentina. Therefore, there is a need of changing the way of registration of CLLU in hospitals, allowing the public Health System to become aware of the problem and generate the necessary policies to solve it.

Resumen Antecedentes: Las úlceras crónicas de miembros inferiores (UCMI) representan un gran problema para los pacientes y los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: Determinar el número y el costo de consultas e internaciones asociadas a las UCMI en un hospital público en Tucumán, Argentina. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional. La estimación del costo se calculó basada en los días de internación, número de consultas, tratamientos realizados y análisis de laboratorio. Resultados: En el periodo 2013-2014, se identificaron 7224 consultas y 359 internados con códigos CIE-10 relacionados a UCMI. La estancia media fue de 22.88 días. Se observó una media de 0.41 cirugías por pacientes, donde el 25% fueron amputaciones. El costo anual asociado al tratamiento de UCMI en pacientes internados fue US$ 4.053,65, mientras que en pacientes ambulatorios fue US$ 3.589,24. Conclusión: Las UCMI generan una gran carga económica para el Sistema de Salud público en Argentina. Por tanto,es necesario un cambio en la forma de registro de las UCMI en los hospitales, que permita al Sistema de Salud público tomar conciencia del problema y generar las políticas necesarias para resolverlo.

Natural products produced by microorganisms have been an important source of new substances and lead compounds for the pharmaceutical industry. Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative β-proteobacterium, abundant in water and soil in tropical and subtropical regions and it produces violacein, a pigment that has shown great pharmaceutical potential. Crude extracts of five Brazilian isolates of Chromobacterium sp (0.25, 2.5, 25, and 250 µg/mL) were evaluated in an in vitro antitumor activity assay with nine human tumor cells. Secondary metabolic profiles were analyzed by liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry resulting in the identification of violacein in all extracts, whereas FK228 was detected only in EtCE 308 and EtCE 592 extracts. AcCE and EtCE 310 extracts showed selectivity for NCI/ADR-RES cells in the in vitro assay and were evaluated in vivo in the solid Ehrlich tumor model, resulting in 50.3 and 54.6% growth inhibition, respectively. The crude extracts of Chromobacterium sp isolates showed potential and selective antitumor activities for certain human tumor cells, making them a potential source of lead compounds. Furthermore, the results suggest that other compounds, in addition to violacein, deoxyviolacein and FK228, may be involved in the antitumor effect observed.

A região amazônica, pela sua formação geológica, não dispõe de rochas de fácil acesso para uso na construção civil; devido a isto, o seixo rolado é obtido da dragagem do leito dos rios, sendo o agregado graúdo comercialmente mais utilizado para a produção de concreto. Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo das características e propriedades tecnológicas de duas massas cerâmicas utilizadas para produção de tijolo, oriundas das cidades de Iranduba e Manacapuru, AM, com a finalidade de se fabricar agregado sintético de argila calcinada para uso em concreto. As massas cerâmicas foram submetidas a ensaios de difração de raios X, determinação de composição química e de distribuição do tamanho das partículas, e plasticidade. Foram confeccionados corpos-de-prova por prensagem uniaxial a 20 MPa para a queima nas temperaturas de 850, 950, 1050, 1150 ºC, sendo as propriedades tecnológicas após queima avaliadas por retração linear, absorção de água, massa específica aparente, massa unitária e temperatura de gresificação. A massa cerâmica que apresentou menor massa específica aparente e o menor percentual de umidade de moldagem foi escolhida como matéria-prima para a fabricação do agregado sintético de argila calcinada. Esse agregado foi usado em substituição ao agregado natural da região amazônica, o seixo rolado, em concreto estrutural.

The amazonic region is geologically mainly composed by sedimentary rocks; by consequence, it is difficult to obtain igneous rocks to use in concrete. Hence, the natural gravel produced by the weathering action of running water on the beds and banks of streams is largely used. Nowadays, the substitution of natural gravel by an aggregate whose production minimizes the environmental impact has been a theme of research. This work presents a study of the characteristics and technological properties of two ceramic pastes from Iranduba and Manacapuru. AM, with the purpose of manufacturing synthetic aggregate of calcined clay for use in concrete. The ceramic pastes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, evaluation of chemical composition, particle size distribution and plasticity. The samples were prepared by uniaxial pressing at 20 MPa and calcined at 850, 950, 1050 and 1150 ºC. The technological properties evaluated were: linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent specific mass and vitrification temperature. The ceramic paste that presented the smallest apparent specific mass and smallest percentile of molding humidity was chosen for synthetic aggregate. The results obtained for the concrete produced with the synthetic aggregate of calcined clay show its potential as a substitute of the natural aggregate of the Amazonic region, the natural gravel.

This work presents results of the preparation and characterization of small unilamellar liposomes for entrapping allergenic proteins extracted from the biomass of Dreschlera (Helminthosporium) monoceras cultivated by solid fermentation. Protein was entrapped by the dehydration-rehydration method, using lyophilization of preformed liposomes in order to prevent their degradation The reconstitution of lyophilized liposomes by hydration, their capacity for entrapping allergenic proteins and their stability in plasma were analyzed. Liposomes were reconstituted in size by including trehalose sugar in the formulation. The protection of the liposomal membrane by trehalose was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The reconstituted membrane had an osmotic behavior similar to that of nondehydrated ones. Allergenic proteins ranging in molecular weight from 14 to 170 kDa were entrapped in the lipid matrix with an efficiency of approximately 80%. These results are promising for producing liposomes by entrapping allergenic proteins from mold extracts, which can be useful for allergy therapy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine and describe our experience with the use of peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN). Methods: Patients with an indication for parenteral nutrition for less than 15 days received it via a peripheral vein via a short, 20 or 22 gauge French polyurethane catheter. Parenteral nutrition had a final osmolality of 993 mOsm/l and was administered by infusion pump. The nutritional status of patients was assessed by the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) technique. Patients were followed by a trained nutritional team and the access site was changed if problems developed. Results: Fifty-three patients were followed with a mean age of 59.5 ± 17.5 years. There were 36 males (69.2%). Nutritional requirements were reached in 67.6% of the patients within 2.9 ± 0.7 days. The mean time on parenteral nutrition was 7.2 ± 6.6 days. In 74.3% of the cases parenteral nutrition was offered until the end of the planned treatment. Pain at the venipuncture site occurred in 17.1% of the cases, pain and fever in 20% and pain, hyperthermia and edema in 2.8%. No patient developed an abscess. Conclusions: PPN can benefit a great number of patients without the risks linked to a venous central catheter. Complications associated with PPN are low especially when the care and follow-up are provided by a nutritional support team.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio consiste en examinar y describir nuestra experiencia con la nutrición parenteral periférica (NPP). Métodos: Se colocó un catéter de poliuretano corto de 20 o 22 G a través de una vena periférica a pacientes con indicación de nutrición parenteral durante menos de 15 días. La osmolalidad final de la nutrición parenteral era de 993 mOsm/l y el producto se administró con una bomba de infusión. El estado de nutrición de los pacientes se evaluó con la técnica SGA (Subjective Global Assessment; evaluación subjetiva general). Un equipo de terapia nutricional vigiló a los pacientes; el lugar de acceso se cambió en caso de que surgieran problemas. Resultados: Se siguió a 53 pacientes con un promedio de edad de 59,5 ± 17,5 años. Treinta y seis eran varones (69,2%). Se cubrieron las necesidades nutricionales del 67,7% de los pacientes en un plazo de 2,9 ± 0,7 días. El período de nutrición parenteral representó 7,2 ± 6,6 días por término medio. Se ofreció nutrición parenteral hasta el final del tratamiento previsto al 74,3% de los enfermos. Se produjo dolor en la vena en un 17,1%, dolor y fiebre en el 20% y dolor, hipertermia y edema en el 2,8%. Ningún paciente presentó abscesos. Conclusiones: La NPP puede resultar beneficiosa para un gran número de pacientes y está exenta de los riesgos relacionados con los catéteres venosos centrales. Las complicaciones asociadas con la NPP son mínimas, sobre todo si la asistencia y el seguimiento corren a cargo de un equipo de terapia nutricional.